Si Khonphum Castle
Si Khonphum Castle : The Sandstone Heritage of Lower Northeastern Thailand
Si Khonphum Castle (pronounced See-Kho-Ra-Pum) is an ancient stone castle located in Si Khonphum District, Surin Province, in northeastern Thailand.
It is recognized as one of the most beautiful and well-preserved groups of stone castles in lower Isan, particularly notable for the Khmer-style sculptures that remain clearly visible today.
History
Si Khonphum Castle was built during the 17th - 18th Buddhist centuries (approximately the 11th - 12th centuries AD), a period when the Khmer Empire flourished and extended its influence into lower northeastern Thailand. The castle reflects Baphuon-style Khmer art, with some elements exhibiting Angkor Wat-style features, evident in its sculptures and architectural design.
Architectural Features
Si Khonphum Castle consists of five prangs arranged on a single laterite platform in a square layout. The central prang is the largest and serves as the main sanctuary, surrounded by four smaller satellite prangs to the east, west, north, and south.
Construction materials:
- Sandstone: used for the prangs themselves and for sculptures
- Laterite: used for the foundation and some exterior components
Significant Art and Decorative Motifs
One of the most notable features of Si Khonphum Castle is its lintels above the prang entrances, adorned with intricate and exquisite designs. In particular, the eastern lintel of the central prang is carved with Indra riding the three-headed elephant Airavata, surrounded by kanok patterns and divine mounts, showcasing the remarkable skill of craftsmen of that era.
Inside the central prang, images of deities and a yoni base have been discovered, indicating that the castle once served as a Hindu sanctuary, specifically of the Shaivism tradition, dedicated to worshiping Lord Shiva.
Conservation and Tourism
Si Khonphum Castle has been restored by the Fine Arts Department and was registered as a national historical site in 1935 (B.E. 2478). Today, it serves as an important historical tourist attraction in Surin Province and is popular among students, scholars, and visitors interested in ancient Khmer art.
Si Khonphum Castle is a valuable example of Khmer art and architecture in Thailand, remarkably preserving its structural integrity and artistic beauty. It is a site worthy of historical study and visitation, allowing visitors to appreciate the heritage and wisdom of the past.
Getting There
Si Khonphum Castle is located along Highway 2077 (SurinSi Khonphum), approximately 35 kilometers from Surin City. Visitors can reach the site by private car or by bus services that pass through Si Khonphum District.
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